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OSD-427 NASA Open Science Data Repository ISS APEX-04 (SpaceX CRS-11, European Modular Cultivation System) ISS Veggie Payload & TMT Isobaric LC-MS/MS 12 Days on Orbit in Microgravity Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0)

ISS APEX-04: Multi-Omics Proteome vs mRNA Concordance in Spaceflight

NASA OSDR Repository ↗ Project in Custom Omics Studio ↗
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Biological Synopsis & Spaceflight Discoveries

APEX-04 provides paired transcriptomic and isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomic measurements from orbital spaceflight. Crucially, while mitochondrial transcripts such as AOX1a and chaperone HSP70 show significant mRNA elevation, protein abundance changes remain tightly buffered, demonstrating robust post-transcriptional compensation in the plant mitochondrial proteome. Core TCA cycle enzymes (citrate synthase CSY4, aconitase ACO2) retain high stoichiometric stability despite severe gravitational stress.

Key Biological Insights:

Key Discovery: Mitochondrial respiratory complexes (Complex I, V) demonstrate high post-transcriptional buffering in orbit.
Key Discovery: Selective proteolysis of chloroplast photosynthetic machinery (RuBisCO LSU, PSII core) under microgravity.
Key Discovery: Enrichment of mitochondrial chaperones (HSP70-9, CPN60) maintaining holo-assembly integrity.
Key Discovery: Decoupling of mRNA and protein fold-changes across 38% of organellar bioenergetic loci.

Primary Literature & Mission Reports:

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Pre-Projected Organellar Pathway Maps

High-resolution vector maps showing spaceflight log2 fold-changes dynamically color-coded with WCAG AAA luminance-adaptive text contrast.

Contrasts:
Plant Mitochondrial Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation Conserved respiratory Complexes I–V integrated with plant-specific bypasses (AOX, Type II NDHs, and the Complex I Carbonic Anhydrase domain). Mitochondrial Matrix IMM • LIPID BILAYER Mitochondrial Inner Membrane (IMM) CRISTAE IMM • INVAGINATION Mitochondrial Cristae PLANT HOLO-COMPLEX I (L-SHAPED SUPER-ASSEMBLY) 2e− bypass structural assembly 2e− QH2 QH2 QH2 QH2 relief valve 4e− -> 2 H2O Q cycle 1e− 1e− 4e− -> 2 H2O H+ gradient H+ gradient H+ gradient proton uncoupling electron leak electron leak stress signaling T4 Matrix NADH Pool matrix redox couple T4 Succinate Pool TCA cycle intermediate T4 Molecular Oxygen (O2) electron acceptor T1 8×Fe-S FMN Complex I (Catalytic Core) 14 conserved subunits T1 PLANT-SPECIFIC Complex I CA Domain CAL1/CAL2/CA1-3 • absent in mammals T1 FAD 3×Fe-S Complex II (SDH) SDH1-4 T1 PLANT BYPASS Internal Type II NDH NDA1/NDA2/NDC1 • matrix-facing T1 PLANT BYPASS External Type II NDH NDB1/NDB2/NDB4 • IMS-facing T4 Ubiquinone Pool (Q/QH2) membrane quinone T1 di-iron Fe-Fe CN-RESISTANT NO H+ PUMP Alternative Oxidase (AOX1a) T1 Rieske 2Fe-2S Cyt b Cyt c1 Complex III (bc1 Complex) Q cycle T4 Cytochrome c mobile IMS carrier T1 heme a3/CuB Complex IV (COX) terminal oxidase T1 ATP Synthase (F1Fo) H+ motor • yields ATP T1 Plant UCP1 (PUMP1) dissipates H+ • thermotolerance T1 Mitochondrial Superoxide/H2O2 retrograde signal • leak from CI/CIII T1 DTC Translocator exports citrate • epigenetic signaling
Hover over or click any pathway node in the map above to inspect locus ID, fold-change, significance, and biological role.
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Ranked Organellar Responders

All assayed mitochondrial, chloroplast, and peroxisomal loci in OSD-427, ranked by absolute fold-change.

Rank AGI Locus Symbol Subcompartment Log2 Fold-Change p-value Pathway / Biological Role Action